Mesoamerican Copper - An Industry of Connections
Монет Бибов-Рейнхард Monette Bebow-Reinhard (персональный сайт: http://www.monettebebow-reinhard.com/)
Источник статьи: http://www.mexicolore.co.uk/aztecs/home/mesoamerican-copper-industry-of-connections
Вступление: "Мы очень благодарны за эту новаторскую статью о распространении медной технологии в древней Мексике Монет Бибов-Райнхард, которая собирает самую большую базу данных медных экспонатов из когда-либо найденных и пишет две книги по теме медных инструментов и торговых сетей. Эта статья создана на основе ее обширной научной библиотеки и поиска новейшей доступной информации. Монет редактор Древнего Медного Бюллетеня, предоставленного только для публикаций исследований по текущим исследованиям меди и доступного любому заинтересованному в рассмотрении исследовательского прогресса."
Оригинал: "We are most grateful for this pioneering article on the spread of copper technology in ancient Mexico to Monette Bebow-Reinhard, who is compiling the largest database of copper artifacts ever found, and is developing two books on the topic of copper tooling and trade networks. This article has grown partly out of her vast research library, and from a search for the newest information available. She is editor of the Archaic Copper Newsletter, the only available research publication on the current study of copper, free to anyone interested in seeing this research progress."
Оригинал: "We are most grateful for this pioneering article on the spread of copper technology in ancient Mexico to Monette Bebow-Reinhard, who is compiling the largest database of copper artifacts ever found, and is developing two books on the topic of copper tooling and trade networks. This article has grown partly out of her vast research library, and from a search for the newest information available. She is editor of the Archaic Copper Newsletter, the only available research publication on the current study of copper, free to anyone interested in seeing this research progress."
Pic 3: Boat Route to West (маршрут лодок на запад)
Pic 6: Map of copper sites in pre-Hispanic Mexico (Карта медных участков в доиспанской Мексике)
Источник статьи: http://www.mexicolore.co.uk/aztecs/home/mesoamerican-copper-industry-of-connections
Библиография к статье:
- Bower, Bruce. “Late Maya Culture gets an Island Lift.” Science News, Vol. 136, Issue 2, July 8, 1989
Caley, E.R. & Easby, D.T. Jr. “Indium as an impurity in Western Mexican tin and bronze artifacts,” Science 1967, February 10; 155(3763): 686-7 - Coe, Michael. Mexico: From the Olmecs to the Aztecs. New York: Thames and Hudson, 1994
- Di Peso, Charles. Casas Grandes: A fallen trading center of the Gran Chichimeca. Flagstaff, Ariz.:Northland Press, 1974 Pic 8 photo of tinklers is from here
- Handbook of the North American Indians: Volume 9: Southwest. Alfonso Ortiz, editor. Washington: Smithsonian Institute, 1979
- Hosler, Dorothy. “Excavations at the Copper Smelting Site of El Manchon, Guerrero, México.” Foundation for the Advancement of Mesoamerican Studies, Inc. (FAMSI), 2004 Pic 11 is from here
- ----------. “Recent Insights into the Metallurgical Technologies of Ancient Mesoamerica.” Journal of Metals 51 (5): 1999
- ----------. “West Mexican Metallurgy: Revisited and Revised.” Journal of World Prehistory, 2009 Needles on left in Pic 2 from here; on right from author’s artifact collection; maps in Pic 4 from here
- ---------- and A. McFarlane. “Copper Sources, Metal Production and Metals Trade in Late Postclassic Mesoamerica.” Science 273:1996 Pic 3 from here
- Maldonado, Blanca. “Tarascan Copper Metallurgy at the site of Itziparatzico, Michoacan, Mexico.” FAMSI, 2005 Pic 12 ore from here
- McAnany, Patricia A. “Exchange in the Maya Lowlands,” The American Southwest and Mesoamerica
- “New Museum Exhibits Teotihuacan Objects,” Instituto Nacional de Antropologia e Historia http://www.inah.gob.mx/index.php/englis ... le-objects April 6, 2011
- Pauketat, Timothy. “America’s First Pastime.” Archaeology, September-October 2009, 21. Map in Pic 14 from here. Poverty Point heads from ‘American Antiquity’, Vol. 33, No. 1, 1968
- Pendergast, David. “Metal Artifacts at Amapa, Nyarit, Mexico.” American Antiquity, Vol. 27, no. 3, 1962, accessed at JStor. Photo in Pic 5 found here
- Smith, Michael E. “Yautepec, an Aztec City,”
http://www.public.asu.edu/~mesmith9/yaucity.html - “Tamtoc,” Tom Gidwitz, http://www.huasteca.tomgidwitz.com/html/tamtoc.html
- Valentini, Philipp J.J. PhD. Mexican Copper Tools: the use of copper by the Mexicans before the conquest, and The Katunes of Maya History, a chapter in the early history of Central America, with special reference to the Pio Perez Manuscript, published by BiblioLife, nd; article published by the Press of Charles Hamilton, Mass., 1880 Photos in Pice 7 and Pic 13 found here
- Weaver, Muriel Porter. The Aztecs, Maya and Their Predecessors. New York: Seminar Press, 1972.
Map in Pic 6 created from one found in Herbert Spinden’s 1928 book, ‘Ancient Civilizations of Mexico and Central America’, published by the American Museum of Natural History - Pic 10 Bronze photo from an artifact auction site and I do not wish to share the link
- Pic 13 axe and crescent photo Courtesy of the Division of Anthropology, American Museum of Natural History. 30/134 is Axe-Monies (crescent) and 30.2/9380 F is axe (celt) shaped copper sheet
- Includes personal conversations with Elizabeth Paris (January 2013), author of “Metallurgy, Mayapan and the Postclassic World System,” Ancient Mesoamerica 19 (1):43-66
